2022年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題訓(xùn)練電子版附答案全解，2022年高考在即，今天給大家推薦的本篇考研真題就是奇速英語(yǔ)30篇文章突破考研英語(yǔ)詞匯閱讀！結(jié)合真題語(yǔ)境背單詞，運(yùn)用單詞篇章漏斗記憶法和個(gè)性快速閱讀法，助你快速擺脫傳統(tǒng)死記硬背單詞和低效閱讀模式，一起來(lái)看看吧。
2022年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題訓(xùn)練電子版附答案全解
Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making, not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.
“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.
The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism.”
In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.
In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.
Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.
Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.
1. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is to
[A] enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility.
[B] help corporations achieve larger profits.
[C] build a new system of financial regulation.
[D] guarantee the bonuses of top executives.
2. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate
[A] the conditions for generating quick profits.
[B] governments’ impatience indecision-making.
[C] the solid structure of publicly traded companies.
[D] “short-termism” in economic activities.
3. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies canbe
[A] indirect.
[B] adverse.
[C] minimal.
[D] temporary.
4. The US and France examples are used to illustrate
[A] the obstacles to preventing“short-termism”.
[B] the significance of long-term thinking.
[C] the approaches to promoting“long-termism”.
[D] the prevalence of short-term thinking.
5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Failure of Quarterly Capitalism
[B] Patience as a Corporate Virtue
[C] Decisiveness Required of Top Executives
[D] Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers
難度：容易
導(dǎo)讀：當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中短期主義盛行、危害經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展；企業(yè)應(yīng)進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)決策， 為后代建立更強(qiáng)健的經(jīng)濟(jì)。脈絡(luò)：引入“英國(guó)銀行業(yè)監(jiān)管新規(guī)”并說(shuō)明其長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)目的“使企業(yè)做出更多長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn) 決策，為后代建立更強(qiáng)健的經(jīng)濟(jì)"（第一段）——剖析當(dāng)前社會(huì)現(xiàn)象:上市公司中短期主義盛行（第二至四 段）一提出削弱短期主義、鼓勵(lì)長(zhǎng)期主義的方法，肯定英國(guó)新規(guī)（第五至七段）。
單詞：
regulator 監(jiān)管人，監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)
impose 強(qiáng)制推行，強(qiáng)制實(shí)行
guaranteed 有保證的
clawback （政府或機(jī)構(gòu)）收回（已給出的錢(qián)）
financial institution 金融機(jī)構(gòu)
worsen 惡化
publicly traded company 上市公司
giant偉人，卓越人物
classical economics古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)
pick sth out of sth 把...從...中挖走/ 剔除
put sth aside省下，留出
transient 短暫的，轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的
customer loyalty顧客忠誠(chéng)
dub 把...稱為，給...起綽號(hào)
equity (分享紅利而非固定股息的)股票
attention span注意力的持續(xù)時(shí)間
predominance 主導(dǎo)地位
defer 推遲
performance bonus 績(jī)效獎(jiǎng)金
disclosure 披露
acquisition 收購(gòu)
shareholder 股東
長(zhǎng)難句：
1.He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.
翻譯：他援引古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)巨匠阿爾弗雷德-馬歇爾之言， 把這種“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的急躁”形容成就像是“從布丁里把葡萄干揀出馬上吃掉的孩子"一樣行事， 而非先把葡萄干放到一邊，留到最后再吃。
分析：句子主干為He quotes a giant of classical economics,但核心信息在狀語(yǔ)部分in describing. . . as...，狀語(yǔ)以比喻修辭闡明“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的無(wú)耐心(this financial impatience)”內(nèi)涵：rather than 取舍結(jié)構(gòu)以“從布丁中揀出葡萄干馬上吃掉VS留著葡萄干最后吃”形象明確其所指“注重眼前利益，忽視長(zhǎng)期回報(bào)"。
2. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.
翻譯：短暫投資者——那些要求從公司獲得高額季度收益的投資者——會(huì)阻礙公司投資長(zhǎng)期研究或者增進(jìn)客戶忠誠(chéng)的努力。
分析：句子主干為 Transient investors can hinder a firm's efforts, who 定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明 Transient investors行為傾向，后置定語(yǔ)詳述“（被短暫投資者所阻礙的）兩大長(zhǎng)期投資方向”。
答案解析：
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段③句指出，新規(guī)主要目的是讓銀行家對(duì)有害冒險(xiǎn)負(fù)責(zé)，并重建公眾信任，概括即 為增強(qiáng)銀行家的責(zé)任感，［A］正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。二段首先指出，Andrew Haldane提岀上市公司中“短期主義”(“ Short-termism”)加劇。隨后指出他援引Alfred Marshall之言，將"這種經(jīng)濟(jì)上的煩躁(this financial impatience)”形容為“從布丁里揀出葡萄干馬上吃掉的孩子行為”。可見(jiàn)this financial impatience與Short-termism同指，援引 Marshall之言意在形象說(shuō)明經(jīng)濟(jì)行為中的“短期主義”，［D］正確。
3.推理判斷題。第三段②句指出，短暫投資者會(huì)妨礙公司投資長(zhǎng)期研究或提升客戶忠誠(chéng)度。第四段②句 也指出：短期主義思維盛行的代價(jià)是長(zhǎng)期投資受損。可見(jiàn)短暫型投資的影響是消極的、不利的，［B］正確。
4. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第五段指出，美國(guó)施行《薩班斯一奧克斯利法案》使得短期主義稍有削弱。第六段則先指出鼓勵(lì)長(zhǎng)期主義的方法還有很多，隨后例舉法國(guó)舉措。綜合可知，文中舉美國(guó)和法國(guó)事例是為了說(shuō)明 “削弱短期主義、增進(jìn)長(zhǎng)期主義的方法”，［C］正確。
5. 主旨大意題。文首段引入“英國(guó)銀行業(yè)監(jiān)管新規(guī)''并說(shuō)明其長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)目的“讓銀行及其他所有企業(yè)能夠做 出更長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的決策，為后代建立更強(qiáng)健的經(jīng)濟(jì)”。第二至四段剖析現(xiàn)狀“上市公司中短期主義盛行”并明確 其消極影響。第五至七段則說(shuō)明削弱短期主義、鼓勵(lì)長(zhǎng)期主義的方法，可見(jiàn)，文章旨在倡導(dǎo)企業(yè)奉行長(zhǎng)期主義、多些耐心，以為后代建立更強(qiáng)健的經(jīng)濟(jì)，［B］正確。
怎么樣？是不是發(fā)現(xiàn)此文考研英語(yǔ)真題例句不像一般例句那樣過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化，所以多看看真題例句，尤其是那些復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)的，在背單詞的同時(shí)還可以提高長(zhǎng)難句分析能力。最重要的是，通過(guò)真題例句，你可以體會(huì)到這個(gè)單詞在真題中具體是如何考查的(這是真題例句最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)，其它例句則不行)，通過(guò)真題例句記，因?yàn)橛芯唧w的語(yǔ)境，記憶也會(huì)更深刻。
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